ariables and constants are the basic data objects manipulated in a
program. Declarations list the variables to be used, and state what type they
have and perhaps what their initial values are. Operators specify what is to be
done to them. Expressions combine variables and constants to produce new
values. The type of an object determines the set of values it can have and what
operations can be performed on it. These building blocks are the topics of this
chapter.
The ANSI standard has made many small changes and additions to basic
types and expressions. There are now signed and unsigned forms of all integer types, and notations for
unsigned constants and hexadecimal character constants. Floating-point
operations may be done in single precision; there is also a long double type for extended precision. String
constants may be concatenated at compile time. Enumerations have become part of
the language, formalizing a feature of long standing. Objects may be declared counts, which prevents them from being changed. The rules
for automatic coercions among arithmetic types have been augmented to handle
the richer set of types.
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